This unpleasant and even dangerous disease is considered the most popular pathology of the gastrointestinal tract among modern people. Often this is due to violations of the diet, but the wrong products themselves can cause their development. A diet for gastritis of the stomach is as important as drug treatment and is sometimes almost the only way to normalize the work of the gastrointestinal tract and prevent the disease from developing into a more dangerous and / or painful form.
What is gastritis
Gastritis is an inflammatory process that develops on the gastric mucosa. Due to its improper functioning, the digestion process is disrupted, various negative effects develop, and the mucous membrane itself gradually becomes thinner.
The cause of the disease can be many different factors that are not alien to a modern and constantly busy person. Hurry during meals, badly grabbing and chewing hot or cold foods, consumption of low-quality or harmful foods, fast food, fatty, salty and smoked in unlimited quantities, systematic eating disorders - all this can cause gastritis. In addition, insufficient amounts of proteins and vitamins in food, long-term use of certain medications, constant stress, smoking and reckless excessive consumption of alcohol also become risk factors.
Nutritional rules for gastritis
Properly organized nutrition plays a huge role in treating this disease. It is very important to know the rules and follow all the subtleties of the diet for gastritis with high or low acidity, compiled by a doctor. There are some simple and clear rules you will need to follow:
- All food must be fully chewed, you cannot swallow food in pieces.
- It is advisable to organize the daily routine and eat by the hour. Ideally, meals should be fractional and portions should be small. It is better to eat 5-6 times, in portions of 200-250 grams, than three times 500-600.
- Between meals 2. 5-3 hours should be left and it is better to do the same intervals if possible.
- Food should always be hot, not hot or cold. The wrong temperature irritates the stomach walls, causing more inflammation.
- You should stop eating raw foods. It is best when they have been heat treated, even when it comes to fruits and vegetables.
Furthermore, it is very important that the products are always fresh; cooking for future use with gastritis is undesirable and even dangerous.
What can you eat with gastritis
- Stale bread, baked goods and pastries in general.
- Boiled, steamed, boiled or baked vegetables (without crust).
- Porridge of minced cereals in milk or water (rice, oatmeal, semolina, buckwheat).
- Low-fat variety of fish.
- Lean meats and unroasted poultry (chicken, turkey, rabbit, veal).
- Non-acidic fruits, their dishes (apples, bananas, pears).
- Milk and low-fat dairy products (up to 1. 5%).
- Vegetables and butter (no more than 20-30 grams per day).
- Pastila, marshmallow.
- Natural honey (40-50 grams).
- Steamed eggs, as part of dishes or boiled (2 pieces per day).
It is very important for gastritis to observe the correct drinking regimen. It is necessary to consume 1. 5-2 liters of liquids per day, including juices, compotes and even soups. It is allowed to drink mineral water of a suitable composition recommended by a doctor.
What not to eat with gastritis
- Smoked meats and sausage.
- Sausages and sausages.
- Roast.
- Fatty meat and fish.
- Sour fruit and berries.
- beans.
- Fresh vegetables that have not undergone heat treatments.
- Preservation and pickles.
- Fatty and acidic dairy products.
- Barley, millet, unground cereals.
- Macaroni, pasta and wholemeal flour vermicelli.
- Fresh bread and pastries.
- Mushrooms.
- Nuts and seeds.
- Vinegar.
- Spicy spices and sauces.
- Strong coffee, tea, fizzy drinks.
- Alcohol.
* The list of prohibited and permitted products may vary slightly, depending on the type of gastritis, therefore, to clarify the details, it is best to contact your doctor.
Diet number 1 for gastritis: principles and sample menus
Such a nutritional system is recommended for people suffering from acute gastritis. A similar sparing regimen is also prescribed for those who have a stomach or duodenal ulcer. The principles and rules are the same as above. Also, doctors recommend reducing salt intake, because it not only retains fluids in the body, but also irritates the mucous membranes. The standard calorie content in this mode should not exceed 2800-3000 calories per day. Let's take a look at a sample menu for the day, for a deeper understanding of the matter:
- Breakfast: rice porridge with milk, soft-boiled egg, weak tea with milk.
- Snack: Baked sweet apples with honey or sugar.
- Lunch: vegetable cream, steamed turkey meatballs or meatballs, milk mashed potatoes, non-sour fruit mousse.
- Snack: croutons, rosehip broth.
- Dinner: allowed vegetable stew, allowed fish, baked with milk, weak tea with milk.
- Snack before bedtime: banana, milk.
Diet for chronic gastritis
When the disease develops into a chronic form, dietary restrictions become vital for the patient. By following a diet, acute attacks of the disease can be prevented, significantly improving the quality of life. For different degrees of acidity, the menu may be slightly different, so it's worth talking about each case separately.
Nutrition for chronic low acid gastritis
The stomach begins to produce an insufficient amount of hydrochloric acid, food is digested much worse. The body cannot extract all the nutrients and trace elements it needs. Not only the mucous membrane of the organ itself, but also all systems of our body can suffer from it.
Diet principles
- It is preferable to consume pureed, liquid and pureed dishes.
- Acceptable consumption of acidic foods.
- During the period of remission, you can eat fried foods in a small amount of oil.
- The food temperature can vary between + 15-60 ° C.
- The total calorie content of the diet per day should fall within 2500-3000 calories.
Permitted and prohibited products
With low-acid gastritis, the menu is not difficult to compose, because it includes a wide variety of products. The consumption of meat, sausages, sausages and sausages, sweets and bread, fish, vegetables and fruit, various cereals is allowed. It will be possible to add juices, compotes, kissels, broths, tea and coffee, milk and lactic acid-based products to the menu.
However, there are also limitations, for example you will have to give up too fatty foods. It is undesirable to consume goose meat, pork, salmon, fried donuts, sweets with cream and sweets. Fermentation and flatulence should not be triggered by consumed vegetables, so it is better not to eat cabbage, beans, grapes, onions, garlic. In its pure form, milk is also not recommended, but as part of dishes or as an additive to tea or coffee, it will fit perfectly.
Nutrition for chronic high acid gastritis
With this type of disease, the stomach begins to produce an excessive amount of acid, which, as it were, "digests" the surrounding tissues, increasingly damaging the mucous membranes. Therefore, the menu should be much more sparing than in the previous case.
Diet principles
- No spicy food. Anything that can irritate the mucous membranes is immediately wiped out.
- Products must be low in fat only.
- Fried foods are completely excluded, all foods must be boiled, steamed or baked.
- It is better to blend the products, clean before use.
- Meals should be frequent and split, and portions should be small.
- The daily salt intake can be increased to 8 grams.
- The daily calorie content should be between 2200 and 2500 calories.
Permitted and prohibited products
The goal of a diet for such a disease is to make the menu as sparing as possible, but at the same time varied and nutritious. As in diet number 1, you will have to eat only boiled, steamed and baked vegetables and choose only non-acidic fruits. They also need to be boiled and ideally mashed. Eating lean meat and fish is allowed, it is also desirable to grind them thoroughly.
Sour milk with increased acidity is prohibited, but dairy products must be present in the diet. Porridges are cooked lightly, dried if necessary, only weak meat broths are used for soups. It is better to refuse pickles, borscht, cabbage soup, okroshka and other sour dishes.
Diet for acute gastritis
Acute inflammation of the gastric mucosa can often be accompanied by severe pain and nausea. This phase requires an immediate medical examination, lifestyle changes and dietary changes. On the first day it is better to completely abandon solid food, even mashed potatoes, limiting yourself to drinking warm water or light tea.
By the second day, you can slowly consume the foods from the list of diet number 1. So you can already make liquid, pasty or creamy soups, mash lean fish or meat, soft-boiled eggs. Fresh fruits and vegetables should not be consumed, as well as other products from the prohibited list.
Diet for erosive gastritis
This type of gastritis is dangerous precisely due to the formation of ulcers on the mucous membrane, which can soon turn into full-fledged ulcers. To stop the symptoms and minimize the negative consequences, you will need to strictly follow the rules of nutrition:
- No fried, salted or smoked food, all dishes are just boiled, steamed or baked without a crust.
- Meals divided into small portions 5-6 times a day. The maximum weight of a meal is 170-180 grams.
- It is customary to drink a glass of warm water before meals.
- Sauces, hot spices, mayonnaise, dishes with flavor enhancers are completely excluded.
- Eat slowly, chewing each bite thoroughly.
- All food must be hot, not cold or hot.
The last meal should be set so that they remain 2 hours before bedtime.
Diet for atrophic gastritis
Diet for atrophic gastritis is the most important factor in the treatment process. It is best to take food regularly at the same time. If not, you will have to follow the same recommendations that have already been made for the power system table No. 1. You can consume all products from the allowed list and reject the prohibited ones.
Food is eaten hot, pureed, steamed, boiled or baked. Fried and fatty, as well as sour, spicy and salty, remain prohibited. Tobacco and alcoholic beverages are considered the main enemies of all types of gastritis, so it is better to abandon them forever in order not to provoke an acute condition.